Hepatitis- Canine

The definition of hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. This disease  can cause liver failure and cirrhosis of the liver if allowed to progress. There is a genetic predisposition in many breeds such as Cocker Spaniels, Labrador Retrievers, Dobermans, and West Highland White terriers.

The liver is responsible for filtering the blood, so any ingested toxin or drug can hurt the liver. Some animal’s immune system will attack the liver and cause it to be inflamed. There is a canine hepatitis virus that can cause severe liver disease if contracted. A disease called leptospirosis will also cause significant damage to the liver.

The initial signs are quite vague and include lethargy, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. In later stages, pets will drink and urinate more and will become jaundiced.  Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition that can develop in severe cases where the patient will become disoriented and may have seizures due to the effect on the brain.

Treatment is aimed at controlling the disease and not curing it. This is a chronic disease and patients will need treatment for the rest of their lives. If the patient is currently ill and jaundiced, hospitalization with fluid therapy is indicated.For long term care, liver protectants are generally prescribed. Denosyl is a product that has proven to help the liver work more effectively. Vitamin E and zinc may also be prescribed. In hepatitis cases that are diagnosed as immune-mediated, prednisone and azathioprine will help control the inflammation. Ursodeoxycholic acid is also a very effective liver protectant. A diet change will likely be indicated and the protein may be restricted if the patient has hepatic encephalopathy.  The current vaccine for canine hepatitis is extremely effective and is standard for all dogs.