Heat Exhaustion/Stroke
This condition is unfortunately common and can happen quickly. A patient has developed heat stroke when their temperature reaches 106.0. At that temperature, the organs within the body can begin to malfunction and a cascade of detrimental events will start. At a temperature of 109.0, the organs will completely shut down and the patient can die.
There are other causes of heat stroke other than being left outside on a hot day without shade or water. Dogs left unattended in a dryer cage at a groomer, being enclosed in a car, or excessive exercise can cause heat stroke. Concurrent diseases such as heart disease or upper airway disease such as laryngeal paralysis or collapsing trachea can predispose an animal to develop an elevated temperature-they can not pant effectively to emit heat.
The first sign of heat stroke is excessive panting and salivation. These pets will have an elevated heart rate and their gums will appear very red. They may start to vomit and blood is commonly seen in the vomitus. They will become very disoriented from brain swelling and may stagger. As their temperature continues to elevate, they will seizure and lapse into a coma while their internal organs begin to fail.
Treatment is of course aimed at decreasing their temperature as effectively as possible. While it is advisable to use a hose to soak the patient down before transport to the veterinary hospital, it is not wise to waste time filling a bath tub or attempting any other saving procedure. The patient needs intravenous fluids and oxygen immediately. These pets will need to be hospitalized for several days to treat potential kidney and liver disease, brain swelling, and heart arrhythmias. Owners should be aware that once a pet has had heat stroke, they are predisposed to have another episode. These patients should never be left outside on a hot day or left in a car. The prognosis is guarded once the patient’s temperature has reached 106.0. Do not delay getting to your veterinarian’s office if you suspect your pet may have heat stroke.
