Allergies-Seasonal

Atopy is an allergic condition that occurs when a pet inhales an offending allergen. There appears to be a genetic link, although any breed can develop atopy. Golden Retrievers, Labradors, Dalmations, Bulldogs, Schnauzers, Pugs, and many terriers are very susceptible. Symptoms arise during the season of the offending allergen, but can be year round if the allergen is present consistently. Clinical signs generally arise around 2 years of age, but puppies can develop atopy and older pets that have recently moved
environments can be affected. Symptoms do generally worsen over time.

Pruritus (itching, rubbing, licking) is the hallmark sign, especially if the pet is licking their paws. The entire body can be affected, even though ears, face, abdomen, and feet are most common. Skin infections involving bacteria and yeast will develop as the patient scratches. Hair loss, redness, scabs, and thickening/discoloration of the skin will develop. Ear canals will become malodorous, thickened, and contain black to purulent material. Some patients even have conjunctivitis. The best treatment is to test the pet and diagnose which allergens are the primary problem. This is best done at a dermatologist office with intradermal skin testing. Once that is performed, immunotherapy (hyposensitization) is initiated through injections. Response can take 3-6 months (sometimes 12 months), but signs improve in 60-80% of patients.

If testing is not possible, or the patient has very mild, infrequent signs, then oral medications can be attempted. Steroids are the gold standard, but do have side effects, and can only be used for short periods of time. All steroids must be discontinued gradually. Antihistamines can be very helpful in alleviating pruritus and do not have many side effects except sedation. Antihistamines should be used first if the patient is having a mild atopic season. Atopica is another option-it contains cyclosporine, and is more expensive than steroids or antihistamines.

Fatty acid supplements can reduce pruritus, along with oatmeal or steroid shampoos. Topical sprays and ointments can be used if the area the patient is licking/chewing/scratching is small, and the patient is not allowed to lick the medication off.

If there is a bacterial or yeast infection present, then antibiotics and yeast medication will be prescribed. Ear flush and ointment will also be necessary to treat ear infections.